Effect of zirconium oxide and cellulose nanoparticles addition on the flexural strength, impact strength and translucency of heat polymerized acrylic resin: an in vitro study.
Article Sidebar
Downloads
Metrics
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: Polymethyl methacrylate denture base material is considered the most popular denture base material to date. The advantages of the PMMA include low cost, biocompatibility, ease of processing, stability in the oral environment, and acceptable aesthetics. To improve the acrylic polymer’s properties for removable acrylic appliances, the significant issues to be addressed are its low mechanical properties such as impact, bending, and fatigue.
Aim: This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of incorporating different concentrations of zirconium oxide and cellulose nanoparticles on flexural strength, and impact strength and translucency of heat polymerized acrylic resin.
Materials and methods: A total of 180 acrylic specimens were made and divided into two groups, which comprises 90 specimens in each. Group I and Group II were reinforced with ZrO2 and cellulose nanoparticles, respectively. Each group was divided into three subgroups depending on the properties to be evaluated i.e., flexural strength, Impact strength, and Translucency, respectively. Each subgroup was further divided into three based on the concentrations (1.5 wt%, 2.5 wt% and 5.0 wt%) of the nanoparticles. The flexural strength was determined using a universal testing machine. The Izod impact tester was used to evaluate the impact strength. Translucency measured by UV visible spectrophotometer. The obtained data were analysed using one way ANOVA within the group followed by posthoc comparison by TUKEY’S method for the comparison between groups.
Results: Acrylic specimens incorporated with 2.5 wt% ZrO2 exhibited more mean flexural strength, and the specimens with 2.5 wt% and 5.0 wt% cellulose nanoparticles showed the highest impact strength and translucency, respectively. One-way ANOVA showed significant differences (p=0.000) between the groups.
Conclusion: PMMA incorporated with 2.5 wt% of ZrO2 NPs, 2.5 wt% and 5.0 wt% of cellulose NPs showed superior flexural strength, impact strength, and translucency, respectively.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
- Meng TR, Latta MA. Physical properties of four acrylic denture base resins. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2005;6(4):93–100. https://doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-6-4-93
- John J, Gangadhar SA, Shah I. Flexural strength of heat-polymerized polymethyl methacrylate denture resin reinforced with glass, aramid, or nylon fibers. J Prosthet Dent. 2001;86(4):424–7. https://doi.org/10.1067/mpr.2001.118564
- Alla R, Raghavendra KN, Vyas R, Konakanchi A. Conventional and contemporary polymers for the fabrication of denture prosthesis: part I – overview, composition and properties. Int J Appl Dent Sci. 2015; 1:82–89.
- Somani MV, Khandelwal M, Punia V, Sharma V. The effect of incorporating various reinforcement materials on flexural strength and impact strength of polymethylmethacrylate: A meta-analysis. J Indian Prosthodont Soc. 2019;19(2):101–12. https://doi.org/10.4103/jips.jips_313_18
- Gad MM, Abualsaud R, Rahoma A, Al-Thobity AM, Al-Abidi KS, Akhtar S. Effect of zirconium oxide nanoparticles addition on the optical and tensile properties of polymethyl methacrylate denture base material. Int J Nanomedicine. 2018;13:283–92. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S152571
- Jain V, Arora N, Chawla A, Mathur VP. Effect of Addition of Sapphire (Aluminium Oxide) or Silver Fillers on the Flexural Strength Thermal Diffusivity and Water Sorption of Heat Polymerized Acrylic Resins. International Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry. 2011;1(1):21–7. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10019-1004
- Ashour M, Ebrahim M. Effect of Zirconium Oxide Nano-Fillers Addition on the Flexural Strength, Fracture Toughness, and Hardness of Heat-Polymerized Acrylic Resin. World Journal of Nano Science and Engineering. 2014;04:50–7. https://doi.org/10.4236/wjnse.2014.42008
- Xy Z, Xj Z, Zl H, Bs Z, Rr C. Hybrid effects of zirconia nanoparticles with aluminum borate whiskers on mechanical properties of denture base resin PMMA. Dent Mater J. 2014;33(1):141–6. https://doi.org/10.4012/dmj.2013-054
- Mohammed D, Mudhaffar M. Effect of modified zirconium oxide nano-fillers addition on some properties of heat cure acrylic denture base material. J Baghdad Coll Dent. 2012;24(4).
- Talari F, Qujeq D, Amirian K, Ramezani A, Pourkhalili H, Alhavaz A. Evaluation of the Effect of Cellulose Nanocrystalline Particles on Flexural Strength and Surface Hardness of Autoploymerized Temporary Fixed Restoration Resin. Int J Adv Biotechnol Res. 2016;7:152–60.
- Kul E, Alada? L?, Yesildal R. Evaluation of thermal conductivity and flexural strength properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) denture base material reinforced with different fillers. J Prosthet Dent. 2016;116(5):803–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2016.03.006
- Vojdani M, Bagheri R, Khaledi AAR. Effects of aluminum oxide addition on the flexural strength, surface hardness, and roughness of heat-polymerized acrylic resin. J Dent Sci. 2012;7(3):238–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jds.2012.05.008
- Abdallah R. Evaluation of polymethyl methacrylate resin mechanical properties with incorporated halloysite nanotubes. J Adv Prosthodont. 2016;8:167. https://doi.org/10.4047/jap.2016.8.3.167
- Ihab NS, Moudhaffar M. Evaluation of the effect of modified nano-fillers addition on some properties of heat cured acrylic denture base material. J Baghdad Coll Dent. 2011;23(3):23-9.
- Begum SS, Ajay R, Devaki V, Divya K, Balu K, Kumar PA. Impact Strength and Dimensional Accuracy of Heat-Cure Denture Base Resin Reinforced With ZrO2 Nanoparticles: An In Vitro Study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2019 (Suppl 2):S365–70. https://doi.org/10.4103/JPBS.JPBS_36_19
- Chen S, Yang J, Jia Y-G, Lu B, Ren L. A Study of 3D-Printable Reinforced Composite Resin: PMMA Modified with Silver Nanoparticles Loaded Cellulose Nanocrystal. Materials (Basel). 2018;11(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11122444
- Ahmed MA, Ebrahim MI. Effect of zirconium oxide nano-fillers addition on the flexural strength, fracture toughness, and hardness of heat-polymerized acrylic resin. World Journal of Nanoscience and Engineering. 2014;4(02):50. https://doi.org/10.4236/wjnse.2014.42008
- Aszrin FN, Takarini V, Hasratiningsih Z, Purwasasmita BS. Translucency Evaluation of Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) Reinforced with ZrO?-Al?O?-SiO? Filler System in Fabricating Indirect Restoration. UI Proceedings on Health and Medicine. 2017;1(0):48–52. https://doi.org/10.7454/uiphm.v1i0.23
- Gibril, M.E., Ahmed, K., Lekha, P., Sithole, B., Khosla, A. and Furukawa, H., 2019. Effect of nanocrystalline cellulose and zinc oxide hybrid organic–inorganic nanofiller on the physical properties of polycaprolactone nanocomposite films. Microsyst Technol. 2019:1-0. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00542-019-04497-x