Antibacterial Efficacy of Silver Diamine Fluoride and 3M ESPE ClinproTM Tooth Crème Against Streptococcus mutans: A Comparative in vitro study
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: Remineralizing agents such as Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) and 3M ESPETM Clinpro Tooth Crème have gained attention for their potential antimicrobial and enamel-strengthening properties. While fluoride-based therapies are widely used, there is limited comparative data on the antimicrobial efficacy of these agents.
Aim: To evaluate and compare the antimicrobial effects of remineralizing agents in inhibiting S. mutans growth.
Materials and methods: This in vitro study was conducted following ethical approval. The study involved 56 samples divided into four groups: Group I (SDF), Group II (3M ESPETM Clinpro Tooth Crème), Group III (2% Chlorhexidine - Positive Control), and Group IV (Distilled Water - Negative Control). The antimicrobial efficacy of each agent was evaluated using the Agar well diffusion method, with the Zone of Inhibition (ZOI) measured in millimetres. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the significance of differences between the groups.
Results: The results demonstrated that SDF exhibited the highest antimicrobial efficacy, with a significantly larger zone of inhibition compared to 3M ESPETM Clinpro Tooth Crème.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that SDF is more effective in bacterial inhibition compared to 3M ESPETM Clinpro Tooth Crème. The dual action of remineralization and antimicrobial activity highlights SDF as a promising agent for caries prevention and management. Further in vivo studies are required to validate these results in clinical settings.
Article Details
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
1. Fejerskov O, Nyvad B, Kidd E. Dental Caries: The Disease and Its Clinical Management. 3rd ed. Wiley Blackwell; 2015.
2. Selwitz RH, Ismail AI, Pitts NB. Dental caries. Lancet. 2007;369(9555):51-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60031-2
3. World Health Organization. Sugars and dental caries. WHO Technical Information Note. Geneva: WHO; 2017.
4. Buzalaf MA, Pessan JP, Honorio HM, ten Cate JM. Mechanisms of action of fluoride for caries control. Monogr Oral Sci. 2011; 22:97-114. https://doi.org/10.1159/000325151
5. Marinho VC, Higgins JP, Logan S, Sheiham A. Fluoride varnishes for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002;(3):CD002279. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD002279
6. Zhi QH, Lo EC, Lin HC. Randomized clinical trial on effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride applied to arrest caries in preschool children. J Dent. 2012;40(11):962-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2012.08.002
7. Karlinsey RL, Mackey AC. Solid-state preparation and dental application of an organically modified calcium phosphate. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2009;20(1):109-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-008-3068-1
8. Chu CH, Mei LE, Seneviratne CJ, Lo EC. Effects of silver diamine fluoride on dentine carious lesions induced by Streptococcus mutans and Actinomyces naeslundii biofilms. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2012;22(1):2-10. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-263X.2011.01149.x
9. Gao SS, Zhao IS, Hiraishi N, Duangthip D, Mei ML, Lo EC, Chu CH. Clinical trials of silver diamine fluoride in arresting caries among children: a systematic review. JDR Clin Trans Res. 2016;1(3):201-10. https://doi.org/10.1177/2380084416661474
10. Karlinsey RL, Pfarrer AM. Fluoride plus functionalized β-TCP: a promising combination for robust remineralization. Adv Dent Res. 2012;24(2):48-52. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022034512449463
11. Shen P, Manton DJ, Cochrane NJ, Walker GD, Yuan Y, Reynolds C, et al. Effect of added calcium phosphate on enamel remineralization by fluoride in a randomized controlled in situ trial. J Dent. 2011;39(7):518-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2011.05.002
12. Loesche WJ. Role of Streptococcus mutans in human dental decay. Microbiol Rev. 1986;50(4):353-80. https://doi.org/10.1128/mr.50.4.353-380.1986
13. Mei ML, Li QL, Chu CH, Yiu CKY, Lo ECM. The inhibitory effects of silver diamine fluoride at different concentrations on matrix metalloproteinases. Dent Mater. 2012;28(8):903-908. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2012.04.010
14. Zhao IS, Gao SS, Hiraishi N, Yeung SM, Chu CH, Lo ECM. Mechanisms of silver diamine fluoride on arresting caries: a literature review. Int Dent J. 2018;68(2):67–76. https://doi.org/10.1111/idj.12320
15. Horst JA, Ellenikiotis H, Milgrom PL. UCSF protocol for caries arrest using silver diamine fluoride: rationale, indications, and consent. J Calif Dent Assoc. 2016;44(1):16–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/19424396.2016.12220962
16. Handa A, Chengappa D, Sharma P, Handa JK. Effectiveness of Clinpro Tooth Crème in comparison with MI Varnish with RECALDENT™ for treatment of white spot lesions: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Oral Investig. 2023;27(4):1473-1481. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-022-04766-6
17. Li Y, Liu Y, Psoter WJ, Nguyen OM, Bromage TG, Walters MA, et al. Assessment of the silver penetration and distribution in carious lesions of deciduous teeth treated with silver diamine fluoride. Caries Res. 2019;53(4):431-40. https://doi.org/10.1159/000496210 .
18. Zhao IS, Chu CH, Mei ML, Lo ECM. Silver diamine fluoride treatment resulted in microcrystalline deposits on dentinal tubules. J Dent. 2018;72:45–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2018.03.010
19. Hicks J, Garcia-Godoy F, Donly K, Flaitz C. Fluoride-releasing restorative materials and secondary caries. Dent Clin North Am. 2002;46(2):247-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0011-8532(01)00004-0
20. Acherkouk A, Patel N, Butler A, Amini P. A randomised clinical study investigating efficacy of a stannous fluoride toothpaste in improving gingival health after 3 weeks' use. BMC Oral Health. 2021;21(1):441. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-021-01727-5
21. Rosen S, Midtvedt T, Waler SM. Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans metabolism by stannous fluoride. Caries Res. 1978;12(3):161–166. https://doi.org/10.1159/000260345
22. Dibdin GH, Shellis RP. Inhibition of plaque acid production by stannous and other metal ions. Caries Res. 1984;18(1):76–84. https://doi.org/10.1159/000260749
23. Tseng CC, Wolff LF, Aeppli DM. Effect of gels containing stannous fluoride on oral bacteria--an in vitro study. Aust Dent J. 1992;37(5):368-73. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-021-01727-5
24. Fancher ME, Herman NL, White J, Bentley E, Hamlett K, Wells MH. Cytotoxicity evaluation of silver diamine fluoride in fibroblast cell cultures. Clin Exp Dent Res. 2019;5(2):163–170. https://doi.org/10.1002/cre2.166
25. Kim S, Nassar M, Tamura Y, Hiraishi N, Jamleh A, Nikaido T, Tagami J. The effect of reduced glutathione on the toxicity of silver diamine fluoride in rat pulpal cells. J Appl Oral Sci. 2021;29:e20200859. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-7757-2020-0859